abstract：BACKGROUND:Needleless intravenous devices have now been implemented by many institutions worldwide. A rationale for their use has been a reduction in the number of needlestick injuries. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this review is to outline the possible benefits and dangers of needleless intravenous systems. REVIEW:Many earl...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Russo PL,Harrington GA,Spelman DW

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The antibacterial efficacy of 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and 1% triclosan as handwash antiseptics is well established. Few published studies have identified hand bacteria found in glove juice samples, and most studies have used nonclinical study subjects. We report a longitudinal comparative study to determine t...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Faoagali JL,George N,Fong J,Davy J,Dowser M

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study describes the organization of infection control committees in a Brazilian multihospital system, identifying their major problems. Our goal is to discuss the main deficiencies in infection control and to target some interventions that can improve the efficiency of these actions in Brazilian hospital...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： de Oliveira TC,Branchini ML

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Multiple nosocomial outbreaks have been linked to contaminated water sources within the hospital. We report in this article a cluster of patients in a surgical intensive care unit who were colonized or infected with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. METHODS:This study was conducted at an acute care academic hos...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Weber DJ,Rutala WA,Blanchet CN,Jordan M,Gergen MF

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are important nosocomial pathogens in many hospitals. The true prevalence of VRE in pediatric hospitals is not known. METHODS:A surveillance study was performed at a pediatric tertiary care medical center by using vancomycin-containing screening media. RESULTS:Six chi...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Christenson JC,Korgenski EK,Jenkins E,Daly JA

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Since the introduction in the 1970s of surgical hand scrub formulations that contain 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), new surgical scrub formulations that have improved efficacy, persistence, or significantly improved use characteristics have not been forthcoming. In addition, the manufacturer's labeling fo...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Hobson DW,Woller W,Anderson L,Guthery E

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Meticulous care of intravenous catheters could be expected to minimize associated nosocomial bloodstream infections, but care is often suboptimal. METHODS:To examine the ostensible benefits of a professional, dedicated intravenous therapy team, we compared the secular trends in nosocomial bloodstream infect...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Meier PA,Fredrickson M,Catney M,Nettleman MD

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Medical devices that are used on patients in fields containing potentially infectious body fluids can become contaminated and transmit infectious agents to other sites on the patient or to other patients if the devices are not properly cleaned and decontaminated after use on each patient treatment site. One ...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Weintraub AM,Ponce de Leon MP

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this educational project was to assess the effect of several interventions on the frequency of handwashing among elementary public school children. METHODS:Participants in this project were first-graders and fourth-graders from jurisdictions within a mid-Atlantic metropolitan area. Phase I in...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Early E,Battle K,Cantwell E,English J,Lavin JE,Larson E

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Varicella-zoster virus is a herpes virus that produces a primary infection, chickenpox, manifested by a vesicular eruption and is considered one of the common childhood infectious diseases. After the initial infection the virus becomes latent, then when activated it is manifested as herpes zoster, commonly known as sh...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Stover BH,Bratcher DF

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alcaligenes xylosoxidans is an uncommon but serious cause of nosocomial epidemics. This report describes a cluster of two patients who underwent revision of hip arthroplasties and one patient who had a lumbar puncture. Cultures obtained during all three procedures showed A. xylosoxidans with similar antibiotic sensiti...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Granowitz EV,Keenholtz SL

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies conducted in the first decade of the AIDS epidemic indicated that, in general, dentists had suboptimal levels of compliance with standard infection control practices, including work practices designed to reduce exposure to bloodborne pathogens. This study was designed to assess current rates of compl...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Gershon RR,Karkashian C,Vlahov D,Grimes M,Spannhake E

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The incidence of postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) is difficult to estimate because of the current trend of early discharge after surgery. Both operation-related and host factors should be taken into consideration in the prevention of SSIs. We wanted to determine the actual incidence of SSIs and ...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Rantala A,Lehtonen OP,Niinikoski J

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disease transmission from percutaneous injury occurs in 2% to 40% of health care workers (HCWs) after exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), in 3% to 10% after exposure to the hepatitis C (HCV) virus, and in 0.2% to 0.5% after exposure to the HIV virus. According to a recently published case-control study from the C...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Culver J

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The hands of health care workers (HCWs) serve as a major route for transmission of nosocomial infection. Although handwashing is known to reduce cross-transmission of infection, the influence of rings on the efficacy of handwashing and the carriage of bacteria on the hands has not been well established. MET...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Salisbury DM,Hutfilz P,Treen LM,Bollin GE,Gautam S

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article catalogs some of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) more important information resource offerings, which make public health information accessible via computer and automated telephone systems and on electronic media (diskette and CD-ROM). We review mechanisms for (1) finding and retrie...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Friede A,O'Carroll PW

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to identify the cause of an unusual outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. METHODS:We performed direct observation and investigation of current dialysis techniques and facilities including microbiologic sampling in a long-term hemodi...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Humar A,Oxley C,Sample ML,Garber G

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The number and significance of tuberculin skin test reactions were compared with self-reported baseline values among house staff working in a public hospital. High-risk medical specialties, locations, and infection control practices were examined. METHODS:House staff interviews, tuberculin skin test applica...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Cocchiarella LA,Cohen RA,Conroy L,Wurtz R

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently issued updated guidelines for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis in health care facilities. Many recommendations, including the use of high-efficiency particulate air filter respirators, are expensive to implement and of unproven efficacy. We t...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Fella P,Rivera P,Hale M,Squires K,Sepkowitz K

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From 1988 through 1992, we conducted a prospective study of postdischarge surgical wound infection surveillance in our institution. A total of 6604 patients were seen after discharge in a centralized outpatient clinic, supervised by the infection control commission. Wounds were inspected, stitches were removed, and dr...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Ferraz EM,Ferraz AA,Coelho HS,Pereira Viana VP,Sobral SM,Vasconcelos MD,Bacelar TS

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:With the increasing volume of same-day operations and shortened hospital stays, it becomes more likely that a significant percentage of surgical site infections will occur after these patients' discharges. METHODS:To document the true incidence of postdischarge surgical site infection, surveillance was unde...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Gravel-Tropper D,Oxley C,Memish Z,Garber GE

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In 1990, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended substituting dust-mist particulate respirators for simple isolation masks in acid-fast bacillus isolation rooms, reasoning that air leaks around the simple masks could result in a higher rate of purified protein derivative skin-test conversi...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Jernigan JA,Adal KA,Anglim AM,Byers KE,Farr BM

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A cluster of seven cases of Acinetobacter caleoaceticus anitratus in a community teaching hospital intensive care unit was discovered (the seventh case was located in a step-down unit next to an infected patient recently transferred from the intensive care unit.) METHODS:An outbreak investigation, including...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Ahmed J,Brutus A,D'Amato RF,Glatt AE

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Clostridium difficile is the usual and most important cause of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis. The source of nosocomial acquisition of the organism in nonepidemic settings has not been determined. METHODS:Epidemiologic and microbiologic studies were conducted in a community-teaching ho...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Skoutelis AT,Westenfelder GO,Beckerdite M,Phair JP

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dental sterilization techniques have become a focus of attention as a result of disclosure of occupational HIV transmission from an infected dentist to a cluster of patients. Although there has never been a confirmed report of a patient acquiring an infectious blood-borne disease from a dental instrument or device, re...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Goodman HS,Carpenter RD,Cox MR

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a series of experiments, the barrier integrity of single and double vinyl and latex examination gloves were tested for dye and water leaks after being placed under stress. A total of 886 examination gloves (385 vinyl: single, 199; double, 186; and 501 latex: single, 290; double, 211) were tested with a standardized...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Korniewicz DM,Kirwin M,Cresci K,Sing T,Choo TE,Wool M,Larson E

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Most studies challenging the integrity of the glove barrier have compared the permeability of vinyl and latex gloves. However, no studies of a new nonlatex, nonvinyl thermoplastic elastomer have been reported. This pilot study therefore compared the protective barriers provided by latex and thermoplastic ela...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Hamann CP,Nelson JR

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Occupational blood exposures among operating room personnel have been substantially underreported in incident reports. Recent research has indicated several common factors influencing exposure rates: surgical service (thoracic, neurosurgery, orthopedic), length of operation, and emergency status. METHODS:Th...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Lynch P,White MC

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Total abdominal hysterectomy, a common operative procedure, is infrequently accompanied by incisional wound infection. No recent study has examined the excess hospital stay attributable to such infections. METHODS:This historical cohort study of cases and matched controls was performed in a tertiary care un...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Kandula PV,Wenzel RP

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sample-size determination is a crucial component of study design. Estimates of sample size are influenced by the amount of change that must occur between study groups and the degree of risk that the investigator is willing to accept in evaluating the null hypothesis. A complete understanding of the impact of sample si...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Edmiston CE Jr,Josephson A,Pottinger J,Ciacco-Tsivitis M,Palenik C

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Association for Practitioners in Infection Control, Inc. (APIC) is a multidisciplinary organization of over 9000 health care professionals who practice institutional epidemiology in the form of infection control and quality improvement within a variety of settings. As a national leader in prevention and control of...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors：

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an investigation of microbial contamination of enteral feeding solutions, all 22 residual solutions obtained immediately after administration were contaminated at concentrations of 10(3) to 10(6) viable counts/ml. Major contaminants were glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Oie S,Kamiya A,Hironaga K,Koshiro A

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Because blood culture is a common test at our institution, we hoped to save money and reduce the risk of needlestick injury by modifying our current technique for the preparation of culture specimens without increasing the risk of contamination. METHODS: OBJECTIVE:To compare the contamination rates of bloo...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Thamlikitkul V,Chokloikaew S,Tangtrakul T,Siripoonkiat P,Wongpreedee N,Danchaivijitr S

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous data suggest that nursing students in the United States are inadequately protected against hepatitis B. This survey focused on the immunization and education practices, infection control knowledge, and follow-up to infectious disease exposure by U.S. nursing schools. METHODS:To ascertain education ...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Goetz A,Yu CM,Muder RR

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A questionnaire survey was carried out anonymously among 2557 health care workers in Denmark and Norway to identify and quantify factors that affect the handwashing behavior of physicians, nurses, and other staff groups who perform direct patient care. For number of daily patient contacts physicians reported significa...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Zimakoff J,Kjelsberg AB,Larsen SO,Holstein B

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The increased use of triple-lumen catheters has brought with it an increase in sepsis. We undertook a study to determine whether this increase was related to the length of time a catheter was in place. Culture of the fluid in each of the three lumens of all triple-lumen catheters in the medical intensive care units wa...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Ullman RF,Gurevich I,Schoch PE,Cunha BA

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to conduct a nationwide survey to determine the number of master's-prepared infection control practitioners (ICPs) and those eligible for admission to graduate programs. Continuing education needs also were assessed to determine whether they might best be met through formal education or i...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Turner JG,Booth WC,Brown KC,Williamson KM

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Between Jan. 11 and March 31, 1983, 60 pediatric patients were diagnosed with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Of these cases 24 were community acquired, 29 were nosocomial, and 7 were of undetermined origin. Despite intensive infection control efforts, nosocomial transmission continued as long as patients with community-ac...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Raad II,Sherertz RJ,Russell BA,Reuman PD

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Handwashing is the single most important procedure in the prevention of nosocomial infections and yet it remains the most violated of all infection control procedures. With a sequential intervention study in an intensive care unit we have demonstrated that poor handwashing practices are associated with a high nosocomi...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Conly JM,Hill S,Ross J,Lertzman J,Louie TJ

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The appropriate use of antibiotics in nosocomial infections has been a goal of infectious disease practitioners and hospital epidemiologists since the emergence of resistant staphylococci more than 30 years ago. This challenge has assumed new proportions in the 1980s for many reasons. First, resistant gram-positive an...

journal_title：American journal of infection control

authors： Ryan JL

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00